- Aristotelian
- The syllogism can be used to test the validity of propositions
- Rhetoric as "offshoot" of Logic (Aristotle called them counterparts)
- Science finds new material but it must be tested to become a generalized precept
- Science and logic must be separate because discovery and reasoning are different things
- Whately's project is to connect persuasion with psychological effects
- Similar to Campbell's project
- made distinctions among varieties of moral evidence
- analyzed audience
- audiences will have presumptions thus placing the burden of proof on the competing perspective
- examined the effect of emotions
- established a system of effective arguments
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