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Peter Ramus (1515–1572)

  • In rhetoric history he perhaps is best known for dividing the five canons and assigning invention, arrangement and memory to dialectic/logic and style and delivery to rhetoric.
  • Liked parsing knowledge into binary tree graphs
  • Is often classified as a French Humanist, and he definitely held some Humanist positions:
    • puts the human knower at the center of experience (in fact he sees human reason as the transcendent thing)
    • rejects received wisdom, especially as it manifests in Scholasticism
      • this is evident in his attacks on Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian
      • he also later rejects Catholicism and becomes a Protestant 
    • is interested in language
  • Despite these Humanist leanings, some of his positions, especially those regarding language and rhetoric, are at odds with the prevailing Italian Humanism. Our book states: "His attack on classical thought and language is so vigorous that one might question whether he can be called a Humanist at all" (568).

Arguments in Rhetoric against Quintilian

  • Makes the big, famous split of the five canons
    • Logic/dialectic
      • Invention
      • Arrangement
      • Memory
    • Rhetoric
      • Style
      • Delivery
  • Occasionally uses a didactic, condescending tone (including ad hominem attacks)
  • Clearly has a definite perspective: doesn't so much provide evidence as speak in presumed certainties
  • Sees the existence of non-virtuous orators as evidence that rhetoric must be separate from virtue

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